South India can be called the cradle of archeology and
sculpture because of its wonderful artistic abundance and amalgamation. Every
state in the South has a wealth of unique artifacts, especially in its temples.
And the name of Tamil Nadu comes first among them. Today we will know about some
famous temples of Thanjavur (Tanjore) and Kumbakonam city of that state.
Thanjavur - The Land of Magnificent Temples:
One of the largest temples in South India, the Brihadeshwara Temple at Thanjavur (also known as the Rajarajeswaram Temple or Peruvudaiyar Kovil) is a pure Dravidian architecture-style Shiva temple on the south bank of the Kaveri River. The 216 feet tall Brihadeshwara temple was built by 'Raja Raja Chola I', between 1003-1010 AD. The Brihadeshwara Temple is also known as the 'South Pole' of the sacred ‘Mount Kailash’ which is referred to as the 'North Pole'. This temple has three entrances and each gate has gatekeepers each of whom is a monolith sculpture. The main entrance is a huge gopura of 90 feet high, the second entrance leads to the large central area where the main temple is accompanied by other smaller temples that have been erected at various times in history. On the outside of the gopura, there is a wonderful sculpture of Shiva meditating in Sukhasan and scenes from various stories from the Shiva Purana are carved. The temple also has many inscriptions and beautiful wall paintings, mainly related to Shaivite ideology, although traces of Vaishnava and Shakta ideologies are also found. The temple is currently surrounded by walls built in 1600 AD.
The granite minaret above the sanctum of the temple is one of the tallest minarets in South India, and a huge building surrounds the sanctum sanctorum. This sanctum sanctorum houses India's largest Shiv Linga whose grandeur glorifies the might of Shiva. The most notable feature of this temple is the metal sculpture of dancing Nataraja Shiva made in 1100 AD.
Kumbakonam - The
Sacred Town:
Kumbakonam is 34 km from Thanjavur, and within 5 km from there is the famous Darasuram Airavateswara Shiva Temple. Even today the temple bears witness to the remarkable achievements of the Chola regime especially in the field of archaeology, sculpture, painting, and other constructive arts. It is believed that the Airavateshwara temple was named after Airavata, the white elephant of Lord Indra. This temple of Dravidian architecture is surrounded by a wonderful collection of sculptures and inscriptions from which we can learn various stories from Puranas and epics, which are equivalent to poems on stone. The most amazing feature of this temple is a melodious staircase, on which the Saptasura sounds when walked or played with hands. Also, the fine carvings here are very famous.
Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple, 70 km northeast of Thanjavur, is another magnificent example of unique sculptural art. During the reign of King Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty in 1025 AD, it was their capital and this temple was built then. Built in the shape of a wheeled chariot, this temple is one of the most ornate temples in South India. This temple also has a beautiful sanctum sanctorum and Axial Mandapa, besides the stairs connecting east to west of this temple is Saptasurakari, popularly known as Singing Steps.
Singing Steps
These three temples together are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites under the name 'The Great Living Chola Temples'.
A Bull or an Elephant?
The distance from Chennai city to Thanjavur is 350 km. Thanjavur is connected by rail and road to major cities of South India. From Thanjavur, these three magnificent artistic temples can be easily visited, whose masterpieces are etched forever in our minds.








































